دیکشنری تخصصی مهندسی نفت - نسخه آنلاین

a receiving orifice for a gas lift valve in the gas lift mandrel.

n: (Podbielniak) an analytical procedure for hydrocarbon gases and liquids whereby the various components are quantitatively separated by Iow-tempenture distillation for identification and measurement.

n pi: 1. value that indicates hook load or force, read from a weight indicator;1 point = 1,000 pounds, or 500 decanewtons. 2. in mud density measurement, the portion of the muds weight expressed in decimal points. For example, a mud that weighs 12.2 pounds per gallon (1,461.8 kilograms per cubic metre) weighs two points more than 12 pounds ( 1,438 kilograms). Also, if a 12.2 potmd-per-gallon muds density is increased to 12.5 pounds per gallon (1,497.8 kilograms per cubic metre),the density has been raised by 3 points.

n: the viscosity of a liquid in which a force of 1 dyne (a unit of measurement of small amounts of force) exerted tangentially on a surface of 1 square centimebe of either of two parallel planes 1 centimetre apart will move one plane at the rate of 1 centimetre per second in reference to the other plane, with the space between the two planes filled with the liquid.

in the example or laminar flow for Newtonian fluids, the volume flow rate is given by the pressure differential (inlet to outlet) divided by the viscous resistance. This resistance depends on fluid viscosity and the length but is dominated by dependence o

n: a device that indicates the variation in load on the polished rod as the rod string reciprocates. A continuous record of the result of forces acting along the axis of the polished rod is provided 00 a dynamometer card, from which the perfor- mance of the well-pumping equipment is analyzed.

n: a polymer whose basic repeating unit, or rnonorner, is a cornbination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Polyacrylarnides are used to adjust the viscosity of water slugs during chernical flooding operations. They can also adhere to the walls of rock pores, decreasing the effective permeability of established channels, forcing the injection fluid into new channels, and thus irnproving sweep efficiency.

n: polymer with a high molecular weight. The basic repeating unit or monomer of polyacrylamide is a combination of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Polyacrylamides increase the viscosity of the water slug that precedes the final water injection. Polyac

a polymer with a very stable carbon chain. A good friction reducer in small amounts, but the polymer may cause formation damage. Can be used to gel acid, but the polymer will not break.

n: a substance that consists of large rnolecules formed frorn srnaller rnolecules in repeating structural units (rnonomers). In oilfield operations, various types of polymers are used to thicken drilling rnud, frac- turing fluid, acid, water, and other liquids. See micellar-polymer flooding, polymer mud. In petroleum refining, heat and pressure are used to polyrnerize light hydrocarbons into larger rnolecules, such as those that rnake up high-octane gasoline. In petrochernical production, polymer hydrocarbons are used as a feedstock for plastics.

a synthetic or man made gelling agent that increases viscosity and helps control leakoff.

n: a drilling rnud to which a polyrner has been added to increase the viscosity of the mud.

n pi: units in a refinery that polymerize propylene and ethylene in the presence of a catalyst and in a liquid solvent. Polypropylene and polyethylene are produced. Following polymerization, the product is removed from the reactor and processed through a purification facility for removal of catalyst residue and separation of the sol vent. The powdered product is then conveyed in a pneumatic conveyor to the finishing area, where additives are blended with powder and the mixture is processed through an extruder to form pellets.